[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/od-tranzistoru-k-hybridnim-obvodum\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/od-tranzistoru-k-hybridnim-obvodum\/","headline":"Od tranzistoru k hybridn\u00edm obvod\u016fm","name":"Od tranzistoru k hybridn\u00edm obvod\u016fm","description":"P\u0159ed rokem 1947 se jako aktivn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stka ve v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (radiop\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, vys\u00edla\u010dky, zesilova\u010de) pou\u017e\u00edvala elektronka, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvala pro svoji \u010dinnost veden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu ve vakuu. Elektronka se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z dokonale uzav\u0159en\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 trubice, z kter\u00e9 byl ods\u00e1n vzduch a do\u0161lo tak k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vakua. Uvnit\u0159 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 trubice je um\u00edst\u011bno n\u011bkolik, dle typu elektronky, elektrod. V prosinci roku 1947 […]","datePublished":"2019-11-19","dateModified":"2023-05-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/670235c08005d2f1b80a3d56a421809661de47ce0289bd1c93d0120f6ef211a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/670235c08005d2f1b80a3d56a421809661de47ce0289bd1c93d0120f6ef211a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"tajana.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361012_w3806_t1574522172.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361012_w3806_t1574522172.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/od-tranzistoru-k-hybridnim-obvodum\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":441,"articleBody":"P\u0159ed rokem 1947 se jako aktivn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stka ve v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (radiop\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, vys\u00edla\u010dky, zesilova\u010de) pou\u017e\u00edvala elektronka, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvala pro svoji \u010dinnost veden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu ve vakuu. Elektronka se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z dokonale uzav\u0159en\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 trubice, z kter\u00e9 byl ods\u00e1n vzduch a do\u0161lo tak k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vakua. Uvnit\u0159 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 trubice je um\u00edst\u011bno n\u011bkolik, dle typu elektronky, elektrod.V prosinci roku 1947 byla t\u00fdmem americk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f ve slo\u017een\u00ed William Shockley, John Bardeen a Walter Brattain objevena zcela nov\u00e1 polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka – tranzistor. Nebudeme samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tuto sou\u010d\u00e1stku zam\u011b\u0148ovat s lidov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem tranzistorov\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, kter\u00e9mu se d\u0159\u00edve, zcela netechnicky, \u0159\u00edkalo tak\u00e9 „tranzistor“.Rozd\u00edl mezi elektronkou a tranzistoremOproti elektronce jsou tranzistory polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky se t\u0159emi (n\u011bkdy i v\u00edce) elektrodami, schopn\u00fdmi v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jinak \u0159e\u010deno, tranzistor odevzd\u00e1v\u00e1 mal\u00fd p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd v\u00fdkon zes\u00edlen\u00fd. Tranzistor umo\u017enil v\u00fdrazn\u011b zmen\u0161it rozm\u011bry p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, omezit spot\u0159ebu elektrick\u00e9 energie ze zdroj\u016f a umo\u017enil takovou konstrukci obvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 by s elektronkami nebyly mo\u017en\u00e9. A\u017e do konce \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed dominovali elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje tvo\u0159en\u00e9 s\u00e9ri\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch tranzistor\u016fIntegrovan\u00e9 obvodyPostupn\u00e1 miniaturizace tranzistor\u016f umo\u017enila vytvo\u0159it polovodi\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m plastov\u00e9m \u010di kovov\u00e9m pouzd\u0159e sdru\u017een\u00e9 cel\u00e9 obvody.Jde o funk\u010dn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad zesilova\u010d\u016f, klopn\u00fdch \u010di logick\u00fdch obvod\u016f. Takov\u00e9to celky zpo\u010d\u00e1tku obsahovaly stovky tranzistor\u016f diod a rezistor\u016f. Dne\u0161n\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 obvody v po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch b\u011b\u017en\u011b obsahuj\u00ed des\u00edtky milion\u016f sou\u010d\u00e1stek. V\u00fdkon integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f je d\u00e1n pr\u00e1v\u011b po\u010dtem obsa\u017een\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch tranzistor\u016f. Proto se sna\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch komponent\u016f tyto obvody st\u00e1le zdokonalovat.Integrovan\u00e9 obvody se d\u011bl\u00ed na:·         Monolitick\u00e9, kde jsou sou\u010d\u00e1stky spojeny na jednolit\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 desti\u010dce.·         Hybridn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z n\u011bkolika sou\u010d\u00e1stek p\u0159ilepen\u00fdch na mal\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 desti\u010dce. V\u00fdvoj integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f je velmi rychl\u00fd a ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem se v\u00fdkon p\u0159edchoz\u00edho typu mnohokr\u00e1t zn\u00e1sob\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.3\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Od tranzistoru k hybridn\u00edm obvod\u016fm","item":"https:\/\/www.tajana.cz\/od-tranzistoru-k-hybridnim-obvodum\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]